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Every factual claim on this site should trace to one of these. If you find one that does not, tell us and we will fix or remove it.

California Legislative Information

  1. Insurance Code § 1861.02 — rating factors and Good Driver Discount — Rates must be determined by, in decreasing order of importance, driving safety record, annual miles driven and years of driving experience; optional factors may follow. Good Driver Discount policies must be at least 20% below the rate otherwise charged.
  2. Vehicle Code § 16056 — minimum liability limits — Policies issued or renewed on/after 1 Jan 2025: $30,000 per person / $60,000 per accident bodily injury / $15,000 property damage. From 1 Jan 2035 the limits rise by $20,000 / $40,000 / $10,000 (to 50/100/25).

Florida Senate

  1. Fla. Stat. § 627.0652 — discount for completing an accident prevention course — Rates for liability, PIP and collision must include a premium reduction when the principal operator is 55 or older and completes an approved course; effective three years; may be conditioned on no at-fault crash or moving violation.

Virginia Law (LIS)

  1. Va. Code § 46.2-472 — minimum liability limits — For policies effective on/after 1 Jan 2025: $50,000 per person / $100,000 per accident bodily injury / $25,000 property damage.

Texas Administrative Code (via Cornell LII)

  1. 37 TAC § 25.5 — enforcement of failure to maintain financial responsibility — An SR-22 filed as compliance must be maintained for two years from the most recent qualifying conviction; a lapse re-suspends driving privileges until a new certificate is filed.

Texas Department of Insurance

  1. Companies may offer auto insurance discounts. No law requires discounts. (2025) — No Texas law or rule mandates auto insurance discounts (for age, low mileage or anything else) or puts a time limit on them; advertising that says otherwise is misleading.

North Carolina Department of Insurance

  1. Changes to the rating of automobile insurance policies, effective July 1, 2025 (2025) — Minimum limits rose from 30/60/25 to 50/100/50 for policies issued or renewed on/after 1 July 2025; underinsured motorist coverage now included on all policies.

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

  1. Teenagers — Teen crash risk, graduated driver licensing research and vehicle recommendations for young drivers.
  2. Fatality facts: State by state — Crash deaths and death rates per 100,000 population and per 100 million miles by state.
  3. Fatality facts: Teenagers (2024) — Fatal crash rate per mile driven for 16–19-year-olds is just over 3 times the rate for drivers 20 and older (2022 travel data); all-severity crash rate is over 4 times; risk is highest at 16–17.

Insurance Information Institute

  1. Facts + Statistics: Teen drivers — Crash and fatality statistics for drivers 16–19 and graduated licensing context.
  2. Facts + Statistics: Uninsured motorists (2024) — Insurance Research Council estimates of uninsured drivers by state (2022: e.g. Michigan 19.6%, California 17.0%, Florida 15.9%, Texas 13.8%).
  3. Estimated percentage of uninsured motorists by state, 2017–2023 (2025) — IRC time series by state; 2023: Mississippi 28.2%, New Mexico 24.1%, D.C. 23.1%, Michigan 22.3%, Florida 20.6%, California 20.4%, Texas 14.5%; lowest Maine 5.7%.
  4. Automobile financial responsibility limits by state (2023) — Compulsory coverages and minimum liability limits by state (table dated December 2023 — several states have raised limits since; see statute entries).
  5. Drivers in fatal motor vehicle crashes by age, 2023 (2025) — Fatal-crash involvement per 100,000 licensed drivers: 42.40 (16–20), 35.34 (21–24), 28.97 (25–34), 24.18 (35–44), 21.70 (45–54), 19.45 (55–64), 15.44 (65–74), 16.63 (75+).
  6. Facts + Statistics: Auto insurance (2025) — NAIC countrywide average auto expenditure: $1,127 (2022), $1,282 (2023); most expensive states in 2023 were Florida, Louisiana and New York.
  7. Nine ways to lower your auto insurance costs — Shop at least three quotes; raising a deductible from $200 to $500 can cut collision/comprehensive cost 15–30%, $1,000 can save 40%+; drop physical damage on cars worth under 10× the premium; bundling, low-mileage and good-student discounts.
  8. What is covered by a basic auto insurance policy? — Defines bodily injury and property damage liability, MedPay, PIP, uninsured/underinsured motorist, collision, comprehensive and glass coverage.
  9. How much auto coverage do I need? — Why state minimums are a floor; choosing liability limits that protect assets; when collision and comprehensive are worth keeping.
  10. What determines the price of an auto insurance policy? — Rating factors: driving record, mileage, location, age, gender, vehicle, credit-based insurance score, coverage choices. Notes ZIP-code rating is prohibited in California and Michigan and gender rating is prohibited in seven states.
  11. Auto insurance for teen drivers — Adding a teen to a parent's policy versus a separate policy; good-student and driver-training discounts; vehicle choice.
  12. What if I can't find auto coverage? — How the non-standard market and state assigned-risk plans insure drivers the voluntary market declines.
  13. Is it legal to drive without insurance? — Every state requires drivers to demonstrate financial responsibility; in most states insurance is the mandatory way to do so.

Highway Loss Data Institute

  1. Insurance losses by make and model — Relative claim frequency and severity by vehicle under collision, property damage, comprehensive, PIP, MedPay and bodily injury coverages.

National Association of Insurance Commissioners

  1. 2019–2023 Auto Insurance Database: average premium supplement (2025) — Countrywide average expenditure $1,281 in 2023 (+13.98%); combined average premium $1,438; state tables for liability, collision and comprehensive.
  2. Consumer insurance information — Plain-language guides from the body of state insurance regulators; links to every state's insurance department and complaint process.

Consumer Federation of America

  1. Insurance research and advocacy — Consumer-side research on auto insurance pricing, non-driving rating factors and affordability.

Consumer Reports

  1. Car insurance — Independent testing organisation's guides to comparing policies and insurers.

United Policyholders

  1. Auto insurance basics — Plain-language coverage explanations from a policyholder-advocacy non-profit.

Linked publishers do not endorse this site. Practical checklists and recommendations are original editorial guidance; see our methodology.